Middle East
Iran protest crackdown victims identified
An investigation by BBC News Persian has revealed the identities of thousands of individuals who lost their lives during the recent suppression of protests in Iran.
An investigation by BBC News Persian has confirmed the identities of over 200 individuals who lost their lives during the Iranian government's violent response to the recent protests that swept the nation.

Through a thorough examination of social media, authenticated video footage, and eyewitness testimony, the project has compiled a detailed record of the circumstances surrounding the deaths of protesters, as well as personal information about the victims.
Sources with close ties to the victims provided the BBC with numerous accounts, which were then corroborated with data from reputable human rights groups to ensure accuracy.
According to figures released by the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), at least 6,872 protesters have been killed since the unrest began in late December, with the toll including more than 150 children under the age of 18.
While Iranian officials have admitted that a minimum of 3,000 people were killed, they also claim that some of the fatalities were security personnel, although the exact number of such cases has not been specified.

A collection of images and details about the victims, as verified by BBC News Persian, is available on the BBC News Persian website, with text presented in Persian.
Mansoureh Heydari and her husband, Behrouz Mansouri, were among the fatalities. According to a friend of the family who spoke to BBC News Persian, the couple participated in a protest in Bushehr, located in southwestern Iran, where they were fatally shot by security personnel on January 8.
Security forces fired upon a group of protesters who had gathered outside a mosque, as reported by eyewitnesses. Behrouz suffered a fatal head wound, while Mansoureh, who had initially attempted to flee, returned to her husband's side and was also shot.
The couple succumbed to their injuries and died together in the street, leaving behind two young children, aged 8 and 10. After a four-day delay, their bodies were released by security forces and buried in adjacent graves.
A family member noted that the couple's actions were seen as a source of pride, as they had given their lives for their country. However, the family now faces intense security scrutiny and lives in a state of fear.
The project showcases a diverse group of individuals, with a significant proportion being young adults, primarily between the ages of 17 and 30.
On 9 January, 17-year-old Ghazal Damarcheli, an art student, was fatally shot near her family's residence in Karaj, a city located west of Tehran.
According to a source familiar with the family, they faced continued harassment even after Ghazal's death, as security personnel denied them permission to hold a local burial, resulting in her being laid to rest in a distant cemetery, far removed from her family's home.

Also on the same evening, Negin Ghadimi, a 28-year-old biotechnology student, lost her life.
Negin Ghadimi had defied her father's warnings to remain indoors, instead choosing to participate in protests in Tonekabon, a city approximately 200km (125 miles) north of Tehran.

According to a family source, security forces fired on the crowd, striking the individual on the side. As she succumbed to her injuries in her father's arms, her final words were: "Dad, I'm burning."
The project's findings were compiled through a multi-step process, involving interviews with numerous sources within Iran, whose identities have been withheld to ensure their safety.

The BBC team verified the identities and protest involvement of individuals by scrutinizing their social media activity and online presence, then cross-referenced this information with open-source data from within Iran to confirm the circumstances surrounding their deaths.
Examination of funeral footage and memorial images yielded crucial details, including the time, location, and circumstances of each death.
Further identification of individuals was made possible by analyzing footage from morgues, such as the Kahrizak Forensic Medical Centre, which received many bodies from Tehran and the surrounding areas.
Internet, mobile phone, and landline services were severely disrupted on 8 January, at the peak of the protests, when the Iranian government imposed a near three-week blackout, significantly hindering the flow of information.

Despite these challenges, BBC News Persian managed to gather and verify reports of protester fatalities by leveraging Starlink, a satellite network operated by Elon Musk, and gathering firsthand accounts from Iranians who had travelled to the country's borders to access signals from neighbouring countries.
An interactive memorial, featuring photographs of identified victims, has been developed by the BBC Visual Journalism team for the BBC News Persian website, allowing users to delve into the stories behind each image by clicking on individual profiles.
As the verification process progresses, the team intends to expand the project, incorporating additional profiles and stories of victims as more information becomes available.
Middle East
BBC reports from Tehran as Iran commemorates Islamic revolution anniversary
BBC correspondent Lyse Doucet has arrived in Iran, marking her first visit to the country since authorities suppressed widespread demonstrations against the government.
Iran's government has staged a display of strength to commemorate the 47th anniversary of the Islamic revolution, following a period of intense repression of anti-government demonstrations.
The BBC has gained access to Tehran for the first time since the authorities' crackdown on protests, which resulted in the deaths of at least 6,490 people, according to estimates by human rights activists.
Lyse Doucet, the BBC's chief international correspondent, observes that the capital's streets, adorned with festive decorations and filled with crowds of supporters, reflect the government's desired image of a unified nation, with Iranians demonstrating their allegiance to the Islamic Republic and its founding revolution.
Middle East
BBC reports from Tehran for the first time since the protest crackdown
In Iran, the aftermath of the government’s crackdown on protests remains a sensitive issue, with the effects of the unusually strong measures still being felt, according to Lyse Doucet, reporting from the country.
For the first time since a nationwide crackdown on anti-government demonstrations, a BBC team has entered Iran to report on the current situation.
As Iran commemorates the 47th anniversary of the Islamic Revolution, the streets of Tehran are adorned with festive decorations, yet the memory of the recent protests and the subsequent use of force by security personnel remains a sensitive issue.
According to human rights activists, the confirmed number of protester fatalities stands at a minimum of 6,400, although they caution that the actual death toll may ultimately be significantly higher.
Asia
Indonesia plans to deploy up to 8,000 troops to Gaza
As part of the second phase of the ceasefire agreement facilitated by the US in the previous year, this nation would become the first to take such action.
Indonesia is making preparations to deploy a contingent of up to 8,000 soldiers to Gaza, marking the first such commitment under the second phase of a ceasefire agreement facilitated by the United States towards the end of last year.

According to General Maruli Simanjuntak, the army's chief of staff, training for these troops is already underway, with a focus on providing medical and engineering support in Gaza.
Indonesia has recently joined the Board of Peace initiated by President Donald Trump, an announcement that was made last month.
The United Nations Security Council has given Indonesia a mandate to establish an International Stabilization Force, tasked with securing border areas in Gaza and overseeing the demilitarization of the territory, including the disarmament of Hamas.
The Board of Peace, scheduled to convene for the first time in Washington on February 19, will also play a role in overseeing the establishment of a new technocratic government in Gaza and guiding post-conflict reconstruction efforts.
While the specifics of the Indonesian troop deployment, including timing and role, have yet to be finalized, it appears that President Prabowo Subianto is moving forward with the plan.
President Subianto's decision to participate in Trump's Board of Peace has drawn criticism from certain Islamic groups within Indonesia, where there is significant public discontent regarding the US role in Israel's military actions in Gaza.
President Subianto has countered that, as the world's most populous Muslim nation, Indonesia has a responsibility to contribute to stabilizing Gaza, with the ultimate goal of achieving a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
A report by Israel's public broadcaster Kan indicates that a location in southern Gaza, situated between Rafah and Khan Younis, has been designated for the Indonesian army to construct barracks that will accommodate several thousand troops.
Other Muslim countries, including Turkey and Pakistan, are considering troop deployments as well, but have emphasized that their roles would be limited to peacekeeping and would not involve participation in the planned disarmament of Hamas.
However, given Hamas's refusal to disarm as long as Israel maintains its presence in parts of Gaza, a lasting peace that an international force could support has yet to be achieved.
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