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Councils Face Funding Challenges for Special Educational Needs and Disability Support

Plans to overhaul the special educational needs system are expected to be unveiled by the government in early 2026.

Research conducted by the Local Government Association (LGA) indicates that approximately 80% of councils may face financial insolvency due to the escalating costs associated with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND).

A classroom scene showing a group of children seated around a table with notebooks and coloured pencils, engaged in an activity. A teacher sits with them. The background includes shelves with books, storage boxes, and educational materials, along with a display board and various classroom decorations.

The LGA is advocating for the government to cancel the high needs deficits accumulated by councils and implement comprehensive reforms to address the issue.

The government claims that its forthcoming changes to the SEND system will ensure that children receive support at the earliest possible stage and provide financial stability for councils.

The term SEND refers to special educational needs and disabilities.

It encompasses children and young people who require additional support to address their physical, communication, social, emotional, or mental health needs.

In England, when a child or young person needs more support than what is typically provided in mainstream schools, their parent or caregiver can apply for an education, health, and care plan (EHCP), which outlines their needs and the support they should receive, with local councils responsible for ensuring the plan is implemented.

EHCPs can remain in place until the individual turns 25, provided they remain in the education system.

Approximately 1.7 million students in England's schools receive support for special educational needs, accounting for about one in five students, with around 5% of all students (483,000) receiving the highest level of support through an EHCP.

In total, 639,000 young people up to the age of 25 in England have EHCPs, representing a more than twofold increase over the past decade.

The primary driver of this increase is the rise in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses, which now account for the primary need in approximately one-third of all EHCPs.

There has also been an increase in demand for speech and language support, as well as a growing need for support with social, emotional, and mental health issues, particularly since the Covid pandemic.

According to the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS), overall spending on SEND has increased by two-thirds over the past decade, driven by a growing demand for support services.

Despite this increase in spending, the National Audit Office (NAO) stated in 2024 that the SEND system in England was "broken".

The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) projects that councils will spend a total of £14.8 billion on SEND in 2025/26, up from £5 billion in 2015/16.

In England, mainstream schools are required to cover up to £6,000 of the initial cost of supporting a student with SEND from their budgets.

Additional costs associated with EHCPs and the full cost of supporting students in special schools are covered by a local authority's dedicated high needs funding.

Councils also pay for around 38,000 students to attend independent special schools, partly due to a lack of specialist places in the state sector, with the average cost per student being approximately £61,500 per year, compared to around £24,000 per student in state-funded special schools, according to the IFS.

Councils fund transportation to and from school for students with SEND separately, with £1.5 billion spent on school transport for 470,000 students in 2023/24, more than double the amount spent in 2015/16.

A bar chart showing a rise in spending on pupils with SEND in independent schools, including specialist schools and other private schools. High-needs spending increases from £1.6bn in 2018–19 in the first of the two bars, to £3bn in 2024–25, in 2025–26 prices.

In recent years, the cost of providing SEND support has consistently exceeded the funding councils receive from the central government, resulting in rising debts.

The LGA reported that most councils that responded to its recent survey were in deficit on their SEND spending.

This overspend is being temporarily held off council budgets until 2028, at which point the OBR predicts that £14 billion in SEND deficits will have accumulated, with the government pledging to spend £5 billion to cover 90% of the deficits built up by councils as of March this year.

The government plans to manage future SEND costs centrally, rather than through local authorities, by 2028.

The current government stated that it inherited a SEND system that was severely struggling.

People are standing outside Westminster on a sunny day with placards protesting. They are holding signs regarding Send such as "I am entitled to be educated like you" and "I want to learn with my friends and you can help"
Parents have been calling for changes in the system

In 2024, the National Audit Office warned that the system was "financially unsustainable" for councils and was not delivering better outcomes for children with SEND, despite a 58% increase in funding over the preceding decade.

Mainstream schools are facing increasing pressure to provide support, while there is a shortage of specialist school places and staff.

The process of obtaining an EHCP can be lengthy, with fewer than half of plans being issued within the 20-week legal deadline in 2024.

There was a record number of tribunals in 2024/25, where parents disputed the refusal of support or challenged the level of support offered.

The government has outlined key principles behind its planned reforms, including making mainstream schools more inclusive and providing earlier intervention to reduce the need for EHCPs.

The government has announced £3 billion in capital funding to create 50,000 new specialist places, many of which will be in mainstream schools, partly funded by canceling some planned free schools.

Additionally, £200 million has been pledged for SEND training for teachers.

Ministers have not ruled out replacing EHCPs, despite calls from some MPs, parents, and campaigners to retain them.

Education is a devolved issue, with each UK nation having its own system for supporting students with additional needs.

In Scotland, students are assessed as having additional support needs (ASN) under a broader definition than in England, with legally binding "coordinated support plans" reserved for those with the most complex needs.

Wales introduced significant reforms in 2021 for children with additional learning needs (ALN), with most individual plans managed by mainstream schools and local authorities overseeing plans for those with more complex needs or in specialist provision.

Northern Ireland uses the term SEND, but its legally binding individual plans are known as "statements of special educational needs".

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Education

National Student Pride Event to Cease After 21-Year Run

According to the organisers, a decline in sponsorship over the past few years has led to the decision to hold the final event this weekend.

A long-running annual event in London, designed to connect LGBTQ+ students with potential employers and provide networking opportunities, is coming to an end after 21 years due to a significant decline in corporate support.

A busy room can be seen with a career fair taking place. Students can be seen talking to businesses at each stand
The yearly festival includes a large careers fair, with influential speakers taking to the stage throughout

According to National Student Pride, a non-profit organization founded in 2005, its revenue has plummeted by approximately two-thirds over the past two years, primarily due to widespread reductions in corporate Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) budgets.

The organization also attributed the decline in sponsors to its newly introduced "ethical sponsorship" policy, which led to the departure of certain sponsors due to their connections to the fossil fuel industry and Israel, following protests from LGBTQ+ groups.

The number of sponsors for the event has drastically decreased, from 24 in 2024 to just eight this year.

Tom Guy, one of the organization's original founders and current trustees, recalled that National Student Pride was established in response to a controversial talk at Oxford Brookes University, which was hosted by the university's Christian Union and sparked outrage due to its homophobic content.

Sir Ian McKellen sits in an armchair opposite broadcaster Evan Davis, and speaks to the crowd
Sir Ian McKellen, interviewed by Evan Davis, are some of the speakers who have been part of the event over the years

Guy explained that the organization's initial response was to create a positive and constructive alternative, focusing on promoting inclusivity and acceptance.

The first event featured a panel discussion that intentionally brought together individuals from diverse backgrounds, including a vicar and a rabbi, to demonstrate that faith and LGBTQ+ identity are not mutually exclusive.

According to Guy, this founding principle of promoting openness and dialogue has guided National Student Pride's activities over the past 21 years.

Despite its growth into the UK's largest LGBTQ+ student event, Guy emphasized that the organization's continued operation relies heavily on corporate sponsorship, which is no longer a viable option.

In an interview with the BBC, Guy suggested that international politics may also be a contributing factor to the decline in corporate sponsorship, as companies reduce or eliminate their DEI budgets.

An aerial view inside Heaven Nightclub, where people can be seen dancing
The annual event also hosts evening parties in nearby venues, like Heaven nightclub

It was reported last year that US embassies in Europe had sent letters to EU-based corporations, instructing them to comply with the Trump administration's policies prohibiting DEI programming.

In response, law firm Clifford Chance advised companies to review their existing programs and prepare to demonstrate compliance with US civil rights laws and regulations.

Guy noted that not only have sponsors withdrawn their support, but fewer employers are also willing to participate in the event's career fair, which is a crucial component of the festival and a primary source of revenue.

The number of companies interested in participating in the careers event has decreased significantly, from 53 in 2024 to just 20 this year.

Guy observed that LGBTQ+ initiatives appear to be losing priority among corporations amidst the current geopolitical uncertainty and economic instability.

Although the event will be coming to an end, organizers confirmed that this year's festival, scheduled to take place at the University of Westminster, will still proceed as planned.

The event will conclude with a "Dragstravaganza finale" featuring guests Amanda and Jessie from The Traitors.

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Education

Students Find Relief from Stress by Leaving Phones Behind During School Hours

Alderbrook School in Solihull has introduced a policy prohibiting smartphones, with certain students expressing support for the measure.

In response to growing pressure on the government to address the issue, a secondary school has implemented stricter rules governing students' access to smartphones.

Youssef stands in the school grounds, wearing his uniform which is a purple blazer and tie and a white shirt. He has brown hair and brown eyes and wears glasses and is smiling at the camera.
Year 8 student Youssef, says he is on his phone a lot less since handing it in at school

At Alderbrook School in Solihull, pupils in Years 7 and 8 are now required to store their devices in lockers at the start of the day, following a voluntary pilot program that began last year.

According to Head Teacher Tom Beveridge, the new policy has led to a decrease in online bullying incidents and improved student focus in class, as evidenced by anecdotal reports.

Beveridge is among the advocates calling for a nationwide ban on smartphones in schools and social media for individuals under 16, an issue currently being considered by the government as part of a UK-wide consultation.

Many students at Alderbrook are already experiencing the benefits of limited device access.

Year 8 student Youssef noted that securing his phone in a locker has alleviated concerns about potential theft, significantly reducing his stress levels.

Megan, a Year 7 student, reported a substantial decrease in screen time, from two hours daily to just 16 minutes, since participating in the phone storage program.

She added that this experience has also led to a decrease in her attachment to her device at home, as she no longer feels the need to constantly check it.

While the phone storage initiative has had a significant impact, its implementation does require a notable allocation of time during the school day.

Headteacher Tom Beveridge stands in front of Alderbrook School, a modern purple and white building can be see behind him. He is wearing a blue suit, white shirt and yellow tie.
Head teacher Tom Beveridge said since introducing the scheme a third of Year 7 and 8 students were choosing not to bring their phones into school at all

Each morning, students from Years 7 and 8 must queue to deposit their devices into secure storage lockers before classes commence.

A team of teachers oversees the lockers, ensuring they are safely stored until the end of the day, when the phones are returned to the students.

This process is one of the reasons Beveridge believes a government-mandated ban on smartphones in schools would be beneficial.

He stated that such a ban would "free up a huge amount of time" currently spent on implementing and enforcing phone policies, allowing school leaders to focus on other priorities.

Following an update to guidance by Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson in January, which recommended that schools maintain a phone-free environment, momentum has been building in support of a ban, with the House of Lords recently backing the measure.

In addition to the restrictions on younger pupils, Alderbrook has also prohibited sixth-formers from using their smartphones during independent study periods.

Year 13 student Jasmine has blonde hair and brown eyes. She wears a black blazer and white shirt and is smiling. She is standing in the sixth form corridor with some of the common rooms behind her.
Year 13 student Jasmine, said she supports a phone ban in schools because it results in students interacting and getting to know each other better

This decision was made after school administrators observed that many students were spending their study time scrolling through social media instead of focusing on their work.

According to Beveridge, removing this distraction has resulted in a more focused learning environment.

Year 13 student Breshna reported that, prior to the ban, she felt a constant urge to check her phone, but is now better able to concentrate on her A-Level studies.

Another sixth-form student, Jasmine, noted that the absence of phones has facilitated the development of stronger friendships among her peers.

While many students support the idea of a phone ban in schools, opinions are divided on the proposal for an Australian-style social media ban for under-16s.

Year 11 student Jamila stands in front of a multi-coloured mural. She has a headscarf on and wears the school's purple blazer over a white shirt. She has brown eyes and is smiling.
Year 11 pupil Jamila is among a number of students at the school trying out the app NOMO on her phone at home. It rewards those who reduce their screen time

Some students, such as Year 11 pupil Emilie, believe that social media can have positive effects when used responsibly, providing a means of self-expression and communication.

Jamila, another Year 11 student, suggested that implementing restrictions rather than a complete ban might be a more effective approach, as prohibitions can sometimes have unintended consequences.

As the government considers its next steps, Beveridge plans to maintain a strict stance on phone use within the school.

Beginning in September, Year 7 students will no longer be permitted to bring smartphones to school.

Beveridge announced that, going forward, any phones allowed in school will be limited to basic "brick" phones, with this policy set to be phased in across the school over the next few years.

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Education

Schools advised to inform most parents if children express gender identity doubts

Educational administrators have expressed appreciation for the increased clarity provided on addressing a highly divisive matter that affects both students and parents.

New government guidelines for schools in England emphasize the importance of parental involvement in cases where a child is questioning their gender identity, stating that parents should be included in the "vast majority" of such situations.

A parent kneels in a modern kitchen, holding and comforting a school‑aged child who is wearing a uniform and a large backpack, as they share a close and supportive moment.

The guidelines, which are legally binding for all schools in England, also clarify that single-sex facilities, including toilets, changing rooms, and sports teams, will remain protected, with no exceptions allowed.

However, schools are given some flexibility in addressing issues related to students' names and uniforms, allowing for a more nuanced approach to these matters.

Dr. Hilary Cass, the author of the influential Cass Review, has expressed support for the new guidelines, describing them as "a significant step forward" in addressing the needs of students and schools.

The Cass Review, published in 2024, was commissioned by NHS England in response to a surge in referrals for individuals questioning their gender identity, and its findings have informed the development of the new guidelines.

The review highlighted the limited evidence available on medical interventions for gender care, noting that the current research is "remarkably weak" and that more studies are needed to inform best practices.

Dr. Cass has praised the new guidelines for providing "practical and clear guidance" that reflects the recommendations of her review, enabling schools to support students with confidence and clarity.

A key aspect of the guidelines is the distinction they make between a student's wishes and their best interests, recognizing that these may not always align.

Schools are advised to exercise caution when considering social transition steps, such as changing a student's name or pronouns, and to consider the broader context and potential need for additional support.

The guidelines also acknowledge that while some students may explore different gender identities, the majority do not go on to fully transition as adults, and that this should be taken into account when supporting students.

For primary schools, the guidelines suggest that full social transitions will be rare, and that a more measured approach is typically more appropriate.

According to Dr. Cass, the guidelines convey a clear message that proceeding with social transition will be the exception rather than the rule, and that a more cautious approach is often warranted.

Dr. Cass has emphasized the importance of maintaining open communication between parents and students, noting that secrets can be detrimental to a child's well-being and that parental involvement is crucial.

Education Secretary Bridget Phillipson has welcomed the new guidelines, stating that they will provide "practical support" for teachers, reassurance for parents, and prioritize the safety and well-being of students.

The guidelines do not alter the existing admissions code for single-sex schools, which currently allows them to admit students based on their biological sex.

The updated guidance is part of a broader effort to keep students safe, and includes new advice on supporting students who are questioning their gender identity.

This update was first promised in 2018, but its release has been delayed until now, leaving head teachers to navigate this complex issue without clear guidance.

The delay has resulted in head teachers seeking external advice and implementing their own measures, such as introducing gender-neutral facilities, to address the needs of their students.

Some schools have also sought legal advice to ensure they are meeting their obligations and providing appropriate support for students.

The updated guidelines have been widely welcomed by head teachers' unions, who have expressed relief that clear guidance is now available.

Pepe Di'Iasio, general secretary of the Association of School and College Leaders, has praised schools for their efforts in addressing this issue despite the challenges posed by a "polarized public debate".

Paul Whiteman, general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, has noted that the guidelines will provide much-needed clarity on how schools can support students and manage this sensitive issue.

The previous government had released draft guidance in December 2023, which took a more restrictive approach to certain issues, including the use of alternative pronouns in primary schools.

However, the consultation on this draft guidance was interrupted by the general election in May 2024, which led to a change in government and a revised approach to the issue.

A new consultation on the updated guidance will be held over the next 10 weeks, providing an opportunity for stakeholders to provide feedback and input on the new guidelines.

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