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Robotic Hand Development Proves Challenging for Tech Companies

Creating a robotic hand that is both long-lasting and budget-friendly poses a significant hurdle in the field of robotics.

Rich Walker, a director at Shadow Robot, recalls the company's first robotic hand, built in the late 1990s using wood, springs, and rubber bands, with a sense of nostalgia.

Walker notes that the initial robotic hand was constructed using readily available materials, stating, "Much of it was created with items we already had on hand."

During a visit to Shadow Robot's north London headquarters, I had the opportunity to observe the company's latest advancements in robotic hands.

The robotic hands feature cylindrical "forearms" that contain small electric motors, or actuators, which precisely control the movement of the fingers by pulling on metal tendons.

To operate the robotic hands, sensors are attached to my fingers, and I receive brief instructions on how to use them.

As a novice, I anticipated that the robotic arms and hands would move clumsily, potentially knocking over objects in the room.

However, the movements proved to be smooth and precise, allowing me to manipulate blocks and cups with ease from the start.

Approximately 200 of these robotic hands are currently in use, primarily by researchers at universities and technology firms.

According to Walker, the robotic hands serve as a development kit for dexterity, enabling users to explore the possibilities of dexterous movement and informing the design of more complex systems or projects.

Developing robotic hands that can navigate the human world, where most tools and devices are designed for human hands, is essential for the advancement of robotics.

With a beard and long hair Rich Walker smiles at the camera while touching the robot hand.
Rich Walker has been developing robot hands for 30 years

Bren Pierce, founder of the robotics start-up Kinisi, based in Bristol, believes that creating a robotic hand is the most challenging and complex aspect of building a humanoid robot.

Kinisi's KR1 robots, currently undergoing trials in commercial settings, can be equipped with various grippers tailored to specific tasks, such as strong "gorilla" pincers for heavier objects or a suction device for more delicate items.

Pierce's ultimate goal is to develop a single, versatile robotic hand capable of performing a wide range of tasks.

The concept of a single robotic hand that can accomplish everything has been a long-standing aspiration in the industry, with many believing that a humanoid hand could be the key to achieving this goal.

Kinisi has developed a three-fingered robotic hand that Pierce describes as "pretty good," but acknowledges that making it robust, scalable, and affordable remains a challenge.

The current prototype of Kinisi's robotic hand comes with a price tag of around £4,000 ($5,400), significantly higher than the £400 simple pincer the company currently uses.

The cost of developing a robust, dexterous, and affordable robotic hand is a major obstacle, as highlighted by Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla, during the All-In Summit in Los Angeles last September.

Musk identified creating a robotic hand as one of the three most significant challenges facing the development of humanoid robotics, alongside creating artificial intelligence that can comprehend the world and mass-producing robots.

Bren Pierce leans against his robot in a warehouse
Bren Pierce with Kinisi's KR1 robot, fitted with pincers and suction cups

The upcoming launch of Tesla's humanoid robot, Optimus, is highly anticipated, particularly with regards to its robotic hand, which Musk claims will possess "the manual dexterity of a human."

The latest version of Optimus is expected to garner significant attention when it is released this year.

Musk's promise of a robotic hand with human-like dexterity has been met with skepticism by some experts, including Nathan Lepora, Professor of Robotics and AI at Bristol University.

Lepora, who has spent his career working on robotic hands, believes that achieving human-level dexterity is still a distant goal.

According to Lepora, human-level dexterity may not be achievable in the short term, but it could become a reality within the next 10 years, which is still a relatively short period.

Lepora is currently working on a robotics project funded by the UK government's Aria research and development scheme, focusing on the development of robotic hands with tendon-driven mechanisms.

Similar to Shadow Robot's approach, Lepora's work involves using "tendons" to move the fingers of the robotic hand.

Lepora predicts that tendon-driven hands with more sophisticated mechanisms will eventually lead to the development of more affordable and capable robotic hands.

However, he has been impressed by the progress made by Chinese firms, which are using motors in the fingers and hands to drive movement, rather than tendons.

Chinese companies, such as those that manufacture motors, are collaborating with robotic hand manufacturers to create bespoke motors that can fit within joints and fingers, potentially leading to the development of effective robotic hands.

Wuji Technology, a Shanghai-based firm, is one such company that has made significant advancements in robotic hand development.

Wuji's latest robotic hand features fingers with four independently controlled joints, allowing for intricate movements.

According to Wuji co-founder Yunzhe Pan, the robotic hand is not only durable but will also be made more durable in future generations.

Currently, each Wuji robotic hand is priced at $12,000 (£8,800), but Pan plans to make it more affordable in the future.

The Wuji robotic hand is equipped with piezoelectric sensors that convert pressure into an electrical charge, providing it with a sense of touch.

Developing a durable sense of touch for robotic hands is a crucial breakthrough for humanoid robots.

However, Bren Pierce notes that creating a sense of touch that can withstand the demands of industrial use is still a significant challenge.

Pierce emphasizes that while research labs and start-ups have made progress in developing sensors, these often have limited lifespans, typically lasting around six months, which is insufficient for industrial applications.

Despite the challenges, there is reason to be optimistic about the future of robotic hand development.

Historically, tactile sensing has seemed like a technology that is always 10 years away, but Lepora believes that the significant investments being made in humanoid robots are driving progress.

Lepora notes that the field is evolving, with advancements being made in robotic hand development.

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Artist Alleges AirAsia Used His Work Without Permission

A street artist from Penang has reported that one of his artworks has been replicated and featured on the design of an airplane.

A lawsuit has been filed by a Malaysian-based artist against AirAsia and its parent company, Capital A Berhad, alleging unauthorized use of the artist's designs on one of the airline's planes.

A low-resolution image of an AirAsia aircraft with artwork children cycling printed on its side. The passenger plane is pictured parked in an airport
Artist Ernest Zacharevic is sueing AirAsia over the use of a livery on one of its jets in 2024

According to the lawsuit, Ernest Zacharevic, a Lithuanian-born artist residing in Penang, claims that his 2012 street mural, Kids on Bicycle, was reproduced and displayed on an AirAsia aircraft in late 2024 without his permission.

Zacharevic states that the use of his design was unauthorized, and no licensing agreement or consent was obtained, adding that the livery was removed after he publicly expressed concerns about the matter.

The BBC has reached out to AirAsia for a statement regarding the allegations.

In an interview with the BBC on Thursday, Zacharevic recalled that he first became aware of the alleged copyright infringement in October 2024, when he discovered that an AirAsia plane was featuring a livery resembling his artwork.

With over a decade of experience in Malaysia, Zacharevic is known for his roadside murals in Penang, which have become a staple of the local art scene.

One of Zacharevic's notable works is the 2012 street mural Kids on Bicycle, created for a local festival, which features two children on a bicycle integrated into the mural, located in George Town's heritage district.

The mural has become a popular tourist attraction, with many visitors taking photos in front of the iconic artwork.

Zacharevic alleges that his work was reproduced on an AirAsia plane without his knowledge or consent, and he personally witnessed the plane in operation at an airport.

Recalling the incident, Zacharevic expressed his discomfort with the situation, which occurred in 2024.

He took to social media to address the issue, posting a photo of the plane and tagging the airline, suggesting that they needed to discuss the use of his artwork.

A photograph of a wall mural, depicting two children in white tops. The images in painted to show the children seated on a real-life bicycle.
Zacharevic painted Kids on Bicycle, a famous wall mural in Penang, in 2012

Since then, Zacharevic has engaged in discussions with the company, but they have been unable to come to a mutually agreeable resolution.

This is not the first instance of Zacharevic's work being used in connection with AirAsia, as he claims the airline has also used his artwork on a delivery bag for its food services arm.

Court documents reveal that Zacharevic had previously discussed a potential collaboration with AirAsia in 2017, where he would create art for the airline's jets and a mural in one of their offices.

According to the documents, Zacharevic had informed the airline of his work and business rates during these discussions.

The lawsuit asserts that despite being aware of Zacharevic's work and rates, the airline proceeded to reproduce and publicly display one of his notable works, thereby infringing on his copyright and moral rights.

As the largest low-cost carrier in Asia, AirAsia operates over 200 jets to more than 100 destinations, and has recently announced plans to resume flights from Kuala Lumpur to London via Bahrain.

Zacharevic has stated that he will leave it to the court to determine any potential compensation he may be entitled to.

The artist emphasized that he does not consider the use of his artwork to be a mere reference to cultural or geographical associations, but rather a distinct artistic creation.

Zacharevic stressed that his artwork is the result of years of professional training, skill, and labor, and should be recognized as such.

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Business

BBC Reporter Exposed to Cyber Attack Due to Vulnerabilities in AI Coding Tool

The demand for vibe-coding tools, which enable individuals without coding experience to develop applications using artificial intelligence, is experiencing rapid growth.

A significant and unresolved cyber-security vulnerability has been identified in a popular AI coding platform, according to information provided to the BBC.

BBC reporter's laptop wallpaper reads "you are hacked" with an image of a robot skull
The hacker was able to hijack a BBC reporter's laptop to upload this wallpaper

The platform, known as Orchids, utilizes a "vibe-coding" approach, enabling individuals without technical expertise to create apps and games by inputting text prompts into a chatbot.

In recent months, such platforms have gained widespread popularity, often being touted as an early example of how AI can rapidly and affordably perform various professional tasks.

However, experts warn that the ease with which Orchids can be compromised highlights the risks associated with granting AI bots extensive access to computers in exchange for autonomous task execution.

Despite repeated requests for comment, the company has not responded to the BBC's inquiries.

Orchids claims to have a user base of one million and boasts partnerships with top companies, including Google, Uber, and Amazon.

According to ratings from App Bench and other analysts, Orchids is considered the top program for certain aspects of vibe coding.

Cyber-security researcher Etizaz Mohsin demonstrated the platform's security flaws to the BBC.

To test the platform's security, a spare laptop was used to download the Orchids desktop app and initiate a vibe-coding project.

A request was made to the Orchids AI assistant to generate code for a computer game based on the BBC News website.

Screenshot of the Orchids app. Shows computer code being created in an action window and folders and chat box
Orchids is one of many AI agent platforms that writes code for users who have no experience

The AI assistant automatically compiled code on the screen, which, without prior experience, was unintelligible.

By exploiting a specific cyber-security weakness, Mohsin was able to access the project and view and edit the code.

Mohsin then added a line of code to the project, which went unnoticed.

This action apparently allowed him to gain access to the computer, as evidenced by the subsequent appearance of a "Joe is hacked" notepad file on the desktop and a changed wallpaper featuring an AI hacker image.

The potential implications of this hack on the platform's numerous projects are significant.

A malicious hacker could have easily installed a virus on the machine without any action required from the victim.

Sensitive personal or financial data could have been compromised.

An attacker could have accessed internet history or even used the computer's cameras and microphones for surveillance.

Most cyber-attacks involve tricking victims into downloading malicious software or divulging login credentials.

This particular attack was carried out without any involvement from the victim, known as a zero-click attack.

Mohsin stated that the vibe-coding revolution has introduced a new class of security vulnerabilities that did not previously exist, highlighting the risks associated with relying on AI to handle tasks.

The concept of AI handling tasks autonomously comes with significant risks, according to Mohsin.

Mohsin, a 32-year-old from Pakistan currently residing in the UK, has a history of discovering dangerous software flaws, including work on the Pegasus spyware.

Etizaz Mohsin standing at the podium giving a presentation. He has black hair and wearing a brown leather jacket and jeans
Etizaz Mohsin speaking about cyber-security at the prestigious BlackHat conference

Mohsin discovered the flaw in December 2025 while experimenting with vibe-coding and has since attempted to contact Orchids through various channels, sending around a dozen messages.

The Orchids team responded to Mohsin this week, stating that they may have missed his warnings due to being overwhelmed with incoming messages.

According to the company's LinkedIn page, Orchids is a San Francisco-based company founded in 2025 with fewer than 10 employees.

Mohsin has only identified flaws in Orchids and not in other vibe-coding platforms, such as Claude Code, Cursor, Windsurf, and Lovable.

Nonetheless, experts caution that this discovery should serve as a warning.

Professor Kevin Curran of Ulster University's cybersecurity department notes that the main security implications of vibe-coding are the potential for code to fail under attack due to a lack of discipline, documentation, and review.

Agentic AI tools, which perform complex tasks with minimal human input, are increasingly gaining attention.

A recent example is the Clawbot agent, also known as Moltbot or Open Claw, which can execute tasks on a user's device with little human intervention.

The free AI agent has been downloaded by hundreds of thousands of people, granting it deep access to computers and potentially introducing numerous security risks.

Karolis Arbaciauskas, head of product at NordPass, advises caution when using such tools.

Arbaciauskas warns that while it may be intriguing to see what an AI agent can do without security measures, this level of access is also highly insecure.

He recommends running these tools on separate, dedicated machines and using disposable accounts for experimentation.

To stay informed about the latest tech stories and trends, sign up for the Tech Decoded newsletter, available outside the UK as well.

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Post-January Bookings Surge for Mid-Term Breaks Amid Weather-Weary Travelers

Travel agents attribute the current surge in demand to a combination of factors, including inclement weather and the political climate, which they believe is fostering a strong desire among people to get away.

A surge in February half-term holiday bookings has been reported by travel agents, with a 9% increase compared to the same period last year, partly attributed to the recent gloomy weather.

A woman wearing a tshirt, shorts and sunglasses holds a young girl wearing a backpack while two young boys stand in front of her looking and pointing into the distance. They're in front of a white bell tower in a European town.

According to the Advantage Travel Partnerships, the combination of prolonged rainfall and the current political climate has created a strong desire among people to take a break, leading to a significant rise in bookings.

Manchester Airport is expecting its busiest February half-term on record, with nearly 50,000 passengers set to fly out on Friday, while Jet2 has also seen an increase in bookings, indicating a strong demand for travel during this period.

However, travellers heading to Europe are being cautioned about potential security delays upon arrival due to the ongoing implementation of the European Entry Exit System.

The increase in passenger numbers is putting pressure on the government to proceed with airport expansion plans, despite concerns from critics that this could contribute to higher carbon emissions.

The Met Office has found that the current level of global warming, caused by greenhouse gases, has made extremely wet winters more likely, as warmer air can hold more moisture.

Many parts of the UK have experienced their wettest January on record, and the rain has continued into February, leading to a rise in bookings for warmer destinations.

Jet2 has reported an increase in bookings for this February half-term, with many people opting to fly to southern Europe to escape the UK's poor weather.

Julia Lo Bue-Said, chief executive of the Advantage Travel Partnership, noted that higher prices have not deterred people from booking holidays, indicating a strong demand for travel.

The coincidence of Valentine's Day with the start of the half-term weekend has also contributed to the rise in travellers, with 1,000 people flying from Manchester to Paris on Valentine's Day alone.

The top destinations from Manchester Airport during half-term week include Dublin, Amsterdam, Paris, Dubai, and Tenerife.

Geneva, a popular destination during the winter ski season, has seen an increase in travellers, while Milan is experiencing a surge in bookings due to the Winter Olympics.

Approximately one in seven families with children plan to take a foreign holiday during the half-term period, according to travel association Abta, with city breaks, cruises, winter sun, and skiing being popular options.

The Port of Dover is expecting a peak of 4,000 cars on Saturday morning, with an increase of around 50 cars per hour compared to last year, and has implemented enhanced traffic management to ensure smooth processing.

The domestic tourism sector is also anticipating its first economic boost of the year during the half-term break.

A Visit Scotland spokesperson highlighted the benefits of tourism for rural communities, stating that visitors help support local jobs and economies.

The spokesperson added that tourism "shines a spotlight on Scotland as a year-round destination," supporting local businesses and communities.

Tourism Northern Ireland's Eimear Callaghan identified three key school holidays – February half-term, St Patrick's Day, and Easter – as prime targets for promoting short breaks to families.

UK passport holders travelling to Europe are being warned about potential delays caused by the continued rollout of the European Entry Exit System, the EU's new digital border system.

While the system aims to enhance security and streamline travel, UK travellers have reported long queues at passport control in destinations such as Geneva and Tenerife.

Airport trade body ACI Europe has complained to the EU Commission about border control understaffing and technology issues, leading to "massive delays and inconvenience" for travellers.

Mark Tanzer, Abta chief executive, advised travellers to be aware of the changes and allow extra time for passport control checks to avoid delays.

The European Entry Exit System is being gradually introduced for travellers using Eurotunnel and the Port of Dover, currently applying to coach passengers and lorry drivers.

The strong growth in demand for travel is driving renewed calls for expansion at several UK airports.

Heathrow Airport reported its busiest January on record, with 6.5 million passengers, a 2% increase compared to the same month last year.

Heathrow chief executive Thomas Woldbye emphasized the need for expansion, stating that the airport may lose its position as Europe's largest airport in 2026 without increased capacity.

However, recent government decisions to support expansion at Heathrow, Gatwick, and Luton Airports have faced opposition due to concerns about their impact on local communities, climate, and the environment.

London Mayor Sir Sadiq Khan opposes Heathrow expansion, and campaigners have challenged the expansion of Gatwick Airport in the High Court, citing climate and noise concerns.

Climate scientist Dr Ella Gilbert noted that air travel is one of the most carbon-intensive forms of transport, contributing to rising temperatures and extreme weather events.

She explained that every degree of heating leads to a 7% increase in the atmosphere's water-holding capacity, resulting in wetter winters and more frequent extreme events.

Dr Gilbert warned that this pattern is expected to continue as the climate shifts, with the UK already experiencing wetter winters due to global warming.

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