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Innovative Cooling Systems for Data Centers

The cooling of large, newly constructed data centres in an environmentally friendly manner poses a significant challenge.

Data centre computer chips operate around the clock at high speeds, generating significant heat in the process. To maintain their performance, these chips require sophisticated cooling systems, which can be quite elaborate.

Pressure gauges attached to blue pipes at a data centre
Data centres can't function without cooling systems

According to Jonathan Ballon, CEO of liquid cooling firm Iceotope, the company's technology involves circulating fluid that cools components by showering or trickling down onto them, with some components even being sprayed for more effective heat management.

In certain cases, data centre components are submerged in baths of circulating fluid, which helps to dissipate the heat they produce, enabling them to function at extremely high speeds, a process known as overclocking.

Mr Ballon notes that some of Iceotope's customers continually overclock their systems without risking damage, citing a US hotel chain that plans to utilise the heat generated by its servers to warm guest rooms, laundry facilities, and swimming pools.

The importance of cooling systems in data centres cannot be overstated, as their failure can bring operations to a grinding halt.

A notable example of this occurred in November when a cooling system failure at a US data centre caused financial trading technology to go offline at CME Group, the world's largest exchange operator, prompting the company to implement additional cooling capacity to prevent similar incidents.

The demand for data centres is currently booming, driven in part by the growth of artificial intelligence technologies, but the significant energy and water consumption of these facilities has made them increasingly contentious.

Over 200 environmental groups in the US have recently called for a moratorium on new data centre construction, while some data centre companies are exploring ways to reduce their environmental impact.

The increasing power of data centre computer chips has made traditional cooling methods, such as air cooling, insufficient for some operations, creating a need for more advanced cooling technologies.

Mr Ballon acknowledges the controversy surrounding data centre construction, noting that communities are pushing back against these projects, and highlights Iceotope's approach as a more efficient and environmentally friendly alternative, requiring significantly less power and water.

Iceotope's liquid cooling technology has the potential to reduce cooling-related energy demands by up to 80%, and can be used to cool multiple components in a data centre, not just processing chips.

Pipework around computer chips some blue and some bright white.
Iceotope says its tech can cut the cost of cooling by up to 80%

The company's system uses water to cool down the oil-based fluid that interacts with computer components, but the water is contained within a closed loop, eliminating the need for continuous drawing from local supplies.

When asked about the origin of the oil-based fluids used in Iceotope's cooling system, Mr Ballon reveals that some are derived from fossil fuel products, but assures that none contain PFAS, also known as forever chemicals, which are harmful to human health.

In contrast, some liquid-based data centre cooling technologies utilise refrigerants that contain PFAS, which not only pose health risks but also contribute to climate change due to their potent greenhouse gas emissions.

Yulin Wang, a former senior technology analyst at IDTechEx, explains that two-phase cooling systems use refrigerants that change from liquid to gas as they absorb heat, providing an effective cooling mechanism.

However, Mr Wang notes that these systems can pose safety risks, as vapours can escape from the tank, and the use of PFAS-containing refrigerants is a particular concern.

Some companies offering two-phase cooling are transitioning to PFAS-free refrigerants, a shift that is expected to continue as the industry moves towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.

Over the years, companies have experimented with various approaches to cooling, driven by the need to find the most effective means of keeping data centre components at optimal temperatures.

Yulin Wang wearing a brown hoodie smiles while sitting in a park full of pumpkins.
Yulin Wang warns of safety issues with some cooling chemicals

One notable example is Microsoft's subsea data centre project, which involved submerging a container filled with servers in the sea off Orkney to utilise the cold seawater for cooling.

Although Microsoft has since shut down the project, the company's general manager of global infrastructure, Alistair Speirs, notes that the experience provided valuable insights into operational procedures, highlighting the benefits of more autonomous data centre operations.

The subsea data centre achieved a power usage effectiveness rating of 1.07, indicating high efficiency, and required no water for cooling, but ultimately proved economically unviable.

Microsoft continues to explore liquid-based cooling ideas, including microfluidics, which involves creating tiny channels of liquid within silicon chips to facilitate heat dissipation.

The company's research into microfluidics is part of a broader effort to develop innovative cooling solutions for data centre components.

Researchers are also investigating other novel approaches to cooling, driven by the need for more efficient and sustainable data centre operations.

In July, a team of researchers led by Renkun Chen at the University of California San Diego published a paper outlining a pore-filled membrane-based cooling technology that could enable passive cooling of chips without the need for active fluid pumping or air blowing.

Prof Chen explains that this technology harnesses heat to create a pumping effect, similar to the process by which trees draw water up through their roots, and hopes to commercialise the innovation.

The demand for innovative cooling solutions is growing, driven in part by the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence technologies, according to Sasha Luccioni, AI and climate lead at Hugging Face.

The energy-intensive nature of AI, particularly generative AI and large language models, requires more advanced cooling systems to maintain optimal performance.

Dr Luccioni notes that reasoning models, which provide detailed explanations for their outputs, are especially demanding, requiring significantly more energy than standard chatbots.

As a result, the development of more efficient cooling technologies is crucial to support the growing demand for AI and machine learning applications.

Dr Luccioni calls for greater transparency from AI companies regarding the energy consumption of their products, highlighting the need for more sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.

Mr Ballon, however, believes that large language models have already reached their limit in terms of productivity, and that the focus should shift to developing more efficient and effective AI technologies.

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Water Leak Affects 19th Century Artwork at Louvre Museum

The world’s most visited museum has been marred by a series of incidents, prompting growing scrutiny of its management.

The Louvre museum in Paris has experienced a significant setback due to a water leak that damaged a 19th-century ceiling painting, marking the latest in a series of challenges for the institution.

French gendarmes patrol in front of the Musee du Louvre and the Pyramide du Louvre

According to the museum, the water damage was discovered in room 707, also known as the "Duchâtel" room, on Thursday evening, with the room housing various artworks from the 15th and 16th centuries.

The leak, which originated from a heating pipe, was reportedly stopped shortly after midnight, and the only artwork damaged was Charles Meynier's The Apotheosis of Poussin, Le Sueur and Le Brun, a ceiling painting.

This incident occurred just a day after French authorities detained nine individuals, including two museum staff members, in connection with an alleged ticket fraud scheme.

In recent months, the museum's management has faced increased scrutiny following a string of high-profile incidents, including the theft of French crown jewels and damage to hundreds of books due to a leak.

The Louvre reported that Thursday's leak occurred near the entrance to the paintings department in the Denon wing of the museum.

Firefighters responded promptly to the incident, and the leak was brought under control within 40 minutes of its discovery.

On Friday morning, a painting restorer assessed the damage to Meynier's ceiling painting and found that it had sustained two tears in the same area, as well as lifting of the paint layer on the ceiling and its arches.

The damaged ceiling painting, which dates back to 1822 and is signed by Meynier, depicts renowned French painters Nicolas Poussin, Eustache Le Sueur, and Charles Le Brun surrounded by angelic figures in the clouds.

As a precautionary measure, rooms 706, 707, and 708 in the Denon wing were closed on Friday morning but are expected to reopen later in the day.

The chief architect of historic monuments visited the site to evaluate the condition of the ceiling and determined that there were no structural issues.

A union representative informed Reuters that scaffolding had been erected in the affected area to facilitate repairs.

The extent of the damage to the painting and the building, as well as the associated costs, have not been disclosed.

This latest incident is part of a series of challenges faced by the Louvre, which is the most visited museum globally, in recent times.

In December, a leak in the Egyptian department damaged between 300 and 400 items, mostly books, with the museum's deputy administrator, Francis Steinbock, acknowledging that the issue had been known for years.

The previous month, the museum had to partially close one of its galleries featuring Greek vases and offices due to structural weaknesses.

This incident followed a high-profile burglary on October 19, in which four individuals stole historic jewelry valued at €88 million, exposing significant security gaps at the museum.

The thieves used a stolen vehicle-mounted mechanical lift to gain access to the Galerie d'Apollon via a balcony overlooking the River Seine.

Several individuals have been arrested in connection with the theft, which is still being investigated by the French authorities.

The majority of the stolen items remain unrecovered, and the museum has since relocated some of its most valuable jewels to the Bank of France for safekeeping.

A report published by France's public audit body in October criticized the museum's excessive spending on artwork, stating that it had come at the expense of building maintenance and renovation.

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UAE Beats Canada in T20 World Cup Thanks to Sharma

The United Arab Emirates boosted their chances of reaching the T20 World Cup Super 8s after Aryansh Sharma’s unbeaten 74 helped secure a narrow five-wicket victory over Canada.

The United Arab Emirates has taken a significant step towards qualifying for the T20 World Cup Super 8s, thanks in large part to Aryansh Sharma's impressive unbeaten 74, which helped secure a narrow five-wicket victory over Canada.

A recent match saw the UAE emerge victorious against Canada, enhancing their chances of advancing to the Super 8s in the T20 World Cup.

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Russell Describes Red Bull’s Advantage as Highly Intimidating

Mercedes driver George Russell notes that Red Bull’s lead at the forefront of the Formula 1 pack has been particularly noteworthy, revealing a significant gap that has caught the attention of many in the sport.

As George Russell enters his fifth season with Mercedes, the team is gearing up for a new challenge in the 2026 Formula 1 season.

According to Mercedes driver George Russell, Red Bull's current advantage at the front of the pack is a significant concern, with the team's performance in the first pre-season test at Bahrain being particularly noteworthy.

Russell described the display of speed by Red Bull in Bahrain as a "wake-up call" for their competitors, highlighting the team's impressive pace in the first of two pre-season tests.

The British driver noted that Red Bull's lead is substantial, with a gap of around half a second to a full second per lap, which is a considerable margin in the context of Formula 1.

Russell expressed his surprise at the scale of Red Bull's advantage, stating that it is unsettling to see such a significant difference in performance, especially given Red Bull's history of producing competitive cars, even when their engine was not the strongest.

The 2026 season marks the most significant rule change in Formula 1 history, with new specifications for engines, chassis, tires, and fuel, which promises to shake up the competitive landscape.

As a result of these changes, energy management has become a critical aspect of the sport, with engines now producing approximately half of their total power output from the electrical component, and limited battery capacity.

Rivals have analyzed GPS data from Red Bull's power unit during the Bahrain test, revealing that the team can sustain electrical energy deployment for longer periods than any of their competitors.

This achievement is all the more impressive considering that Red Bull has established its own engine company from scratch to comply with the new regulations and has partnered with Ford.

Last season, Max Verstappen narrowly missed out on the drivers' title, finishing just two points behind Lando Norris.

Russell stated that his team had observed Red Bull's strength from the outset of the 'shakedown' test in Spain last month, and their performance has been consistently impressive.

He noted that on the first day of testing in Barcelona, Red Bull immediately demonstrated a significant advantage over their competitors, including Mercedes, Ferrari, and others.

Russell acknowledged that Red Bull's performance in Bahrain has further solidified their position as the team to beat, at least for the time being.

Looking ahead to the first race of the season in Melbourne, Russell predicts that Red Bull will likely maintain their advantage, given their strong showing in both Barcelona and Bahrain.

However, Red Bull technical director Pierre Wache has downplayed Mercedes' claims, suggesting that his team is not the benchmark, and instead, Ferrari, Mercedes, and McLaren are currently ahead.

Wache argued that Red Bull's analysis indicates they are behind the top three teams, contrary to the assertions made by Mercedes team principal Toto Wolff.

Ferrari driver Charles Leclerc believes that Mercedes is concealing their true potential and that Red Bull and Mercedes have posted the fastest times, followed closely by his own team.

The new cars have sparked a debate among drivers, with some enjoying the updated handling and ride, while others have expressed reservations about the changes.

On the second day of testing, Lando Norris and Max Verstappen disagreed on whether the new cars are enjoyable to drive, reflecting the mixed opinions among drivers.

Russell described the 2026 cars as "much nicer to drive" in terms of handling and ride compared to the previous season's cars, but noted that the engines are highly complex.

He cautioned against drawing conclusions too early, as the true challenges of the new engines and energy management systems will only become apparent at more demanding tracks like Melbourne or Jeddah.

Russell elaborated on a point made by Verstappen regarding the unusual driving styles required by the new engines, which demand careful management of energy recovery.

Drivers are having to adapt to unconventional techniques, such as using lower gears in corners to keep the engine revving and maximize energy recovery.

Russell provided an example from the Bahrain test, where he had to use first gear in a corner that would normally be taken in third gear, in order to maintain high engine revs and keep the turbo spinning.

He acknowledged that this approach can be counterintuitive and frustrating at times.

Russell used an analogy to illustrate the point, comparing it to driving a road car and being told to use first gear in a roundabout, which would be unconventional and unnecessary at normal speeds.

He emphasized that the car is not designed to handle such low gears in certain corners, but drivers are having to work around these limitations to optimize energy recovery.

Russell explained that the car's design is not suited for such low gears, but the need to maintain high engine revs and turbo boost necessitates this approach.

As a result, drivers are having to adapt their techniques to prioritize energy management over traditional notions of fast cornering.

Russell noted that the critical nature of energy levels in determining lap times means that driving around a corner in the fastest possible way may not always result in the best overall lap time.

In the past, drivers could focus on finding the quickest line through a corner, but now they need to consider the broader implications of their actions on energy levels and overall lap time.

Russell stated that drivers must now wait for a full lap to understand the impact of their decisions on energy levels, rather than being able to instantly assess the effectiveness of a particular line or technique.

Meanwhile, Aston Martin is reported to be around four seconds off the pace of the top teams, highlighting the significant gap they need to bridge to be competitive.

The 2026 Formula 1 cars have been on display in Bahrain, showcasing the new designs and technologies.

The sport has introduced new terminology, including "active aero" and "overtake mode," which reflect the changes brought about by the new regulations.

Russell has expressed his desire to compete directly with Verstappen, setting the stage for an exciting season of racing.

The 2026 season promises to be an exciting one, with the biggest rule change in Formula 1 history, a new generation of drivers, and a fresh wave of technological innovation.

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